Heraklion

A city brimming with deep-rooted history, mythical tales, picturesque landscapes, and a vibrant atmosphere, Heraklion offers an unforgettable experience. Also known as Iraklio, it is the capital and main port city of the mesmerizing island of Crete, and it is located in the center of the island’s northern coast between Rethymno and Lassithi. With a population of over 200,000 people, it is the fourth-largest island in Greece. It is also one of the biggest regions for tourism in all of Europe, with 3.4 million visitors arriving in 2017, a number that is predicted to grow each year.

 Stepping foot in Heraklion is like stepping back in time. The long-lived city boasts some of the country’s most beloved ancient sites, such as the Palace of Knossos and the Koules Fortress, and the streets of the main city itself are lined with historic Venetian buildings worthy of fairy tales. The city blends its ancient past with modern liveliness, creating a unique cultural tapestry. The bustling streets, lively markets, and picturesque waterfront are filled with an infectious energy that is sure to awaken the senses. For those who don’t prefer sightseeing, the city is also adjacent to numerous stunning beaches, bays, and islands to explore.

 Legends and History

 Heraklion is no stranger to mythology and legends. As the rumored birthplace of Zeus himself, this city boasts a rich history that dates back thousands of years. Exploring the labyrinthine streets, visitors will encounter the majestic Palace of Knossos, the mythical birthplace of the Minotaur and the center of the Minoan civilization during the Bronze Age.

 Heraklion owns a number of alternate names and spellings, including modern iterations like Irákleio, Iráklion, and Herákleion, as well as historic names like Candia and Megalokastro. The modern name comes from the ancient Roman port of Heracleum, which is believed to have been located on the same site. When it was the capital of Saracen Crete in the 9th century CE, it was called Khandag, meaning "moat", but the Venetians who took the island in 1204 distorted the name to Candia.

 From 1669 until 1897, the city was occupied by the Turks and known as Megalokastro. The cultural and architectural influences of the Venetians and Turks can still be seen today in the structure of historic buildings and intricate fountains. The island of Crete would eventually join the nation of Greece, and the city of Heraklion would go on to become a prominent commercial harbor as well as the magnet for tourism it is today.

 Wind, Water, and Anchorage Conditions

 Heraklion offers ideal sailing conditions for yachtsmen, making it a haven for sailors. The region enjoys a Mediterranean climate, with summers characterized by fair weather, gentle breezes, and relatively mild temperatures. The Meltemi winds that blow during the summer months provide a refreshing and consistent wind for sailing enthusiasts. However, it is a popular location, so it can be quite crowded during the warm months from May to October, and it is especially crowded from July to August.

 Heraklion's well-equipped marinas and well-maintained port offer a safe and comfortable base for yachts, with modern facilities and services for each guest’s convenience. The huge commercial harbor of the city houses the much smaller inner Venetian harbor. The large outer harbor does experience some swell, whereas the smaller one is calmer and has a small marina. Most boats berth at this inner harbor, where they can access water, electricity, WiFi, and other services at the marina. It must be noted that due to size limitations, only boats under 14 meters are allowed.

Popular Beaches and Their Conditions

 Heraklion is blessed with stunning beaches that cater to every taste. From pristine stretches of golden sand to hidden coves surrounded by rugged cliffs, visitors will find a diverse array of paradise-like spots. The waters at most beaches are particularly warm from late June to early October, with an average water temperature above 74°F (23°C). The center of the city mostly has the commercial harbor and developed areas that reach right down to the water, so for beaches and bays, guests do have to travel slightly outside the bounds of the city center.

 To the west of the city are the charming towns of Agia Pelagia and Amoudara, with their many delights. The famous Amoudara Beach is a very long, sandy beach with crystal-clear waters and organized facilities. It is perfect for families and water sports enthusiasts, particularly those interested in windsurfing. It is not a good place for boats to anchor, so it's best to visit by alternate means. For a more serene getaway, the secluded town of Agia Pelagia offers tranquility and breathtaking scenery among its many hidden bays and beaches with towering cliffs and rock formations; small, local tavernas serving regional seafood; and pristine island vibes.

 To the north of town is the little-known paradise of Dia Island. This area is popular with scuba divers because of its rich marine life and rock formations. Scuba diving and snorkeling enthusiasts will revel in the pristine waters teeming with sea creatures, vibrant coral reefs, and hidden underwater caves. The island itself also offers a lot to visitors, with excellent hiking trails along its center, windsurfing and sailing waters to the north, and quiet, pristine beaches for relaxation to the south.

 To the east of Heraklion proper are the beaches of Karteros, Tobrouk, Malia, and others. These beaches tend to be a combination of sand and pebbles, with some facilities available for guest use. They are exposed to the Meltemi, so it's best to visit by land rather than attempting to anchor. The wavy waters are great for enjoying water sports like windsurfing and bodysurfing.

Things to Do

 Aside from sailing adventures and beaches, Heraklion offers a plethora of activities to indulge in. The most famous site is the Palace of Knossos, just outside the city. Also called the Minoan Palace, the huge archeological site is 20,000 square meters and dates back to the Minoan civilization. It features many fascinating treasures, including frescoes, baths, red columns, a huge throne room, and more. The second most beloved site after Knossos is the Minoan Palace of Phaistos on the east side of Kastri Hill.

 In the city itself, there are many other treasures. The Venetian Port has an ancient shipyard where grand ships were constructed in the Middle Ages. West of the port is the impressive 16th-century Koules Fortress, known for its towering walls and panoramic viewpoints. Finally, the city center is home to numerous monuments from the Middle Ages, including the public square, many stunning and historic churches, the 16th-century Venetian Loggia, and the many intricately detailed Venetian and Turkish fountains scattered along each street.

 The gem of Heraklion, however, is the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, which houses the largest collection of Minoan art in the world among its many other artifacts. It is considered one of the most culturally significant museums in Greece, showcasing remnants from ancient Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, and others.

 Visitors can explore the city's rich cultural heritage at numerous historic sites and museums or wander through the vibrant streets of the old town. Some may choose to embark on a gastronomic journey at the Heraklion Food Market and savor authentic Cretan cuisine at traditional tavernas. Adventurous types enjoy discovering the charming local villages nestled amidst the nearby scenic landscapes. No matter where guests choose to roam, the warm hospitality of the locals, the charming waterfront cafes, and the vibrant nightlife create an atmosphere of warmth and vibrant energy where tourists can lose themselves completely.