Olympos Antalya

Discover the Enigmatic Olympos Ancient City

Nestled in the picturesque valley of the Ulupinar River, the Olympos Ancient City beckons with its rich history and breathtaking natural wonders. Situated on the southern coast of Antalya, near the majestic Mount Tahtali, also known as the Lycian Olympus, this ancient port city offers a glimpse into a bygone era marked by pirates, ancient civilizations, and architectural marvels. Embark on a journey through time as we delve deeper into the mysteries and attractions that make Olympos a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.

Introduction to Olympos Ancient City

Historical Significance

Olympos holds a significant place in history as a prominent port city that flourished during ancient times. The city's exact foundation date remains a mystery, but historical references found on the Lycian Union coins minted between 167 – 168 BC hint at its early prominence. As a member of the Lycian League, Olympos enjoyed considerable influence, holding three votes in the union. This ancient city played a vital role in maritime trade, renowned for its strategic location along the Mediterranean coast.

Location and Geography

Located approximately 70 kilometers from Antalya, Olympos lies on the southern slopes of Tahtali Mountain, offering a harmonious blend of historical ruins and natural beauty. The city is situated near the modern town of Çıralı, in a river valley close to the coast. Visitors can immerse themselves in the lush surroundings, where the ruins intertwine with dark green thickets of wild figs and oleanders, offering a picturesque setting that captivates the senses.

As you plan your visit, consider enhancing your experience with a 9 days Antalya blue cruise tour, which offers a unique perspective of the region's stunning coastal areas.

The Rich History of Olympos

Founding and Early Days

The origins of Olympos are shrouded in mystery and legend. While the exact date of its foundation remains unknown, it's believed that the city might have been established by pirates in the 3rd century BC. This secluded bay, nestled between the Ulupinar River and Mount Tahtali (formerly known as Mount Olympus), provided an ideal hideout for these sea marauders. Over time, the city transitioned from a pirate haven to a significant member of the Lycian League.

Role in the Lycian Union

Olympos's significance in the ancient world is evident from its membership in the Lycian Union. As one of the six major cities of Ancient Lycia, Olympos held three votes in their democratic form of government, highlighting its influence and stature. The city's prominence is further underscored by its own coinage, which featured distinct inscriptions and symbols representing its rich heritage.

The Roman Era and Architectural Marvels

The Roman Empire's annexation of Olympos in 42 AD marked a new chapter in the city's history. Under Roman rule, Olympos witnessed a construction boom, with grand edifices, temples, baths, bridges, and aqueducts dotting its landscape. The worship of Vulcan, the god of fire, gained prominence due to the unique eternal flame inside modern-day Mount Yanartas, known in ancient times as Mount Chimaera. For a brief period, the city was renamed Hadrianopolis in 129 AD to honor the Roman Emperor Hadrian's visit.

Despite its fortifications, Olympos faced numerous pirate invasions, prompting the construction of formidable fortress walls, remnants of which stand tall to this day. The city's decline began in the 16th century under the Ottoman Empire, with historians speculating various reasons, from the prominence of the ports of Antalya and Alanya to constant raids by Arab marauders.

Natural Wonders Surrounding Olympos

Cirali Beach and the Caretta Caretta Sea Turtles

Olympos is not just a haven for history buffs; nature enthusiasts too find solace in its pristine surroundings. One such natural marvel is the Cirali Beach, renowned for its crystal-clear waters and golden sands. But what truly sets this beach apart is its role as a breeding ground for the endangered Caretta Caretta sea turtles. These majestic creatures choose the tranquil shores of Cirali Beach to lay their eggs, making it a significant conservation site. Visitors are often left in awe as they witness the magical sight of hatchlings making their first journey into the vast ocean.

The Eternal Flame of Yanartas

A short distance southwest of Olympos lies another natural wonder, the eternal flame of Yanartas, also known as the ancient Mount Chimaera. This geological phenomenon has been burning for thousands of years, fueled by natural gases seeping through the earth's crust. The flames, which dance and flicker on the mountain's southern slope, have given rise to numerous legends and myths. One such tale speaks of a chimera, a mythical beast, believed to be resting beneath the mountain, its fiery breath igniting the eternal flames. This natural wonder not only mesmerized ancient travelers but continues to captivate modern-day visitors, making it a must-visit spot when in Olympos.

Exploring the Ruins of Olympos

Key Architectural Highlights

The remnants of Olympos offer a fascinating glimpse into its glorious past. As you wander through the ruins, you'll encounter:

• Roman Baths: Once a hub of social activity, these baths showcase the intricate Roman architecture and their emphasis on public welfare.
• Temples: Sacred sites dedicated to various deities, reflecting the city's religious diversity and architectural prowess.
• Bridges and Aqueducts: Testament to the engineering genius of the ancient inhabitants, these structures played a crucial role in the city's water supply and connectivity.
• Fortress Walls: Built to safeguard the city from pirate invasions, these towering walls stand as a symbol of Olympos's resilience.

The Sarcophagus of Captain Evdom

One of the most significant archaeological finds in Olympos is the Sarcophagus of Captain Evdom. Discovered near the river's mouth, this ancient burial site offers invaluable insights into the city's maritime history and its trade relations. The intricate carvings and inscriptions on the sarcophagus paint a vivid picture of the times when Olympos flourished as a major port city.

A Journey Through Time

Walking through the ruins, one can't help but feel transported back in time. The Ulupinar River Valley, with its ancient remnants, harmoniously blends with the lush greenery, creating a serene ambiance. From the Hellenistic period polygonal stone wall to the late Roman temple and the Northern Necropolis with Lycian tombs, every corner of Olympos tells a story. The late Byzantine period buildings, the small Roman theater, and the monumental ruins of the Byzantine Church further enrich the historical tapestry of this ancient city.